Document revision date: 30 March 2001

## OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual

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## MONITOR VBS (VAX Only)

> On VAX systems, the MONITOR VBS command displays information about the processing of virtual balance slots (VBS).

### Format

> MONITOR VBS

### Description

> The MONITOR VBS command includes the following data items:

> Data Item | Description
> --- | ---
> RBS Fault Rate | Rate at which processes fault from virtual balance slots into real balance slots (RBS)
> CPU Utilization | Amount of CPU time used by the operating system to support the virtual balance slot feature (at a rate of 10-millisecond clock ticks per second)

> To see which processes have the highest RBS fault rates, issue the MONITOR PROCESSES/TOPRBS command.

### Example

    MONITOR> MONITOR VBS

                               OpenVMS Monitor Utility
                             VIRTUAL BALANCE SLOT STATISTICS
                                     on node SAMPLE
                                  29-APR-2000 12:43:28

                                           CUR        AVE        MIN        MAX
         RBS Fault Rate                   4.62       3.80       0.33       7.61
         CPU Utilization                  0.99       0.24       0.00       0.99

> This example shows the tabular style format for the VBS display.

## MONITOR VECTOR

> The MONITOR VECTOR command displays the number of 10-millisecond clock ticks per second in which one or more vector consumers have been scheduled on each currently configured vector processor in the system.

### Format

> MONITOR VECTOR

### Command Qualifiers

> #### /qualifier[,...]

> One or more qualifiers as described in the Command Qualifier Descriptions section.

### Classname Qualifiers

> #### /ALL

> Specifies that a table of all available statistics (current, average, minimum, and maximum) is to be included in the display and summary output. For summary output, this qualifier is the default for all classes; otherwise, it is the default for all classes except CLUSTER, MODES, PROCESSES, STATES, SYSTEM, and VECTOR.

> #### /AVERAGE

> Specifies that a bar graph of average statistics is to be included in the display and summary outputs.

> #### /CURRENT

> Specifies that a bar graph of current statistics is to be included in the display and summary outputs. The /CURRENT qualifier is the default for the CLUSTER, MODES, STATES, SYSTEM, and VECTOR classes.

> #### /MAXIMUM

> Specifies that a bar graph of maximum statistics is to be included in the display and summary outputs.

> #### /MINIMUM

> Specifies that a bar graph of minimum statistics is to be included in the display and summary outputs.

### Description

> The MONITOR VECTOR command displays the number of 10-millisecond clock ticks per second in which one or more vector consumers have been scheduled on each currently configured vector processor in the system. Because the operating system schedules vector consumers only on those processors identified as "vector present," the VECTOR class output never displays vector CPU time for those processors that are "vector absent."

> Note that, because vector consumers can use either the vector CPU, the scalar CPU, or both components of a vector-present processor, the vector CPU time in the VECTOR class display is not a strict measure of the actual usage of the processor's vector CPU component. Rather, it indicates the time during which a scheduled vector consumer has reserved both vector CPU and scalar CPU components of the vector-present processor for its own exclusive use.

> The VECTOR class consists of the data item Vector Scheduled Rate, which is represented by a display of statistics that show the rates of 10-millisecond clock ticks per second during which vector consumers have been scheduled on each vector-present CPU.

### Example

    MONITOR>  MONITOR VECTOR

                               OpenVMS Monitor Utility
                              VECTOR PROCESSOR STATISTICS
                  +-----+             on node SAMPLE
                  | CUR |          12-JUN-2000  22:52:42
                  +-----+
     Vector Consumers Scheduled          0         25        50        75      100
                                         + - - - - + - - - - + - - - - + - - - - -+
     Vector Present CPU ID  0          13|*****
     Vector Absent  CPU ID  1            |
     Vector Absent  CPU ID  2            |
     Vector Present CPU ID  4          58|**********************
                                         |         |         |         |          |
                                         |         |         |         |          |
                                         |         |         |         |          |
                                         |         |         |         |          |
                                         |         |         |         |          |
                                         |         |         |         |          |
                                         + - - - - + - - - - + - - - - + - - - - -+

> This example shows the VECTOR class display for a multiprocessing system containing two vector-present processors, CPU 0 and CPU 4. Displayed statistics represent rates of 10-millisecond clock ticks per second. For an average of 13 ticks per second over the last collection interval, vector consumers have been scheduled on CPU 0. For an average of 58 ticks per second over the last collection interval, vector consumers have been scheduled on CPU 4.

## SET DEFAULT

> The SET DEFAULT command sets command qualifier, classname parameter, and classname qualifier defaults for the MONITOR command. Each SET DEFAULT command sets only the command qualifiers you specify, but replaces the entire set of classname parameters and classname qualifiers. All qualifiers and class names are identical to those for the MONITOR command.

### Format

> SET DEFAULT [/qualifier[,...]] classname[,...] [/qualifier[,...]]

### Parameters

> #### classname[,...]

> Specifies one or more class names.

### Command Qualifiers

> #### /qualifier[,...]

> One or more command qualifiers as described in the Command Qualifier Descriptions section.

### Classname Qualifiers

> #### /qualifier[,...]

> One or more classname qualifiers.

### Description

> Command and classname qualifiers are identical to those for the MONITOR classname commands.

### Example

    MONITOR> SET DEFAULT /INTERVAL=10 PAGE/AVERAGE+IO/MAXIMUM /NODE=(LARRY,MOE,CURLEY)

> The command in this example selects PAGE and IO as the default classes for the MONITOR command and specifies an interval of 10 seconds for the statistics display. The command specifies that AVERAGE statistics be displayed for the PAGE class, and that MAXIMUM statistics be displayed for the IO class. Finally, the command requests that data be collected on nodes LARRY, MOE, and CURLEY. After establishing these defaults, you can enter the MONITOR command without any qualifiers or parameters to display the requested information.

## SHOW DEFAULT

> The SHOW DEFAULT command displays the defaults established by the SET DEFAULT command.

### Format

> SHOW DEFAULT

### Parameters

> None.

### Qualifiers

> None.

### Description

> The SHOW DEFAULT command verifies the defaults you have set with the SET DEFAULT command.

### Example

    MONITOR> SHOW DEFAULT

    /BEGINNING = current time               /INTERVAL     = 10
    /ENDING    = indefinite                 /VIEWING_TIME = 10

    /FLUSH_INTERVAL = 300

    /NOINPUT

    /NORECORD

    /DISPLAY   = SYS$OUTPUT:.;

    /NOSUMMARY

    /NOFILENAME

    /NOCOMMENT

    Classes:
     PAGE/AVERAGE              IO/MAXIMUM

    Nodes:
     LARRY                     MOE                       CURLEY

> The command in this example displays the defaults specified by the previous SET DEFAULT command.

## Chapter 16
Point-to-Point Utility

## 16.1 PPPD Description

The Point-to-Point Protocol utility (PPPD) initiates and manages a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) network connection and its link parameters from an OpenVMS Alpha host system. This chapter describes the PPPD commands, with their parameters and qualifiers, that support PPP connections.

For information about the PPP driver and its programming interface, see the files PPP_INTERFACES.TXT and PPP_INTERFACES.PS in SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSHLP.EXAMPLES.PPPD.DOC].

## 16.2 PPPD Usage Summary

The Point-to-Point Protocol utility (PPPD) allows you to initiate and control a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)-compliant network connection from an OpenVMS Alpha host and define its physical link parameters.

Specifically, you can use this utility to:

- Create an asynchronous (ASN) device. PPPD creates the device automatically if one is not currently associated with a serial port (such as TTA1).
- Set both PPP and ASN device characteristics such as flow control and baud rate.
- Inform the network stacks that there is a new physical transport that uses the PPP.
- Act as a simple terminal emulator when establishing a connection to a new system (asynchronous only).
- Display configuration information about the ASN and PPP device drivers as well as any ongoing PPPD sessions.

### Format

> $ PPPD

The utility then displays the following prompt:

`PPPD>`

### Description

> After invoking PPPD, you can perform PPPD operations by entering the appropriate commands. You can also enter a single PPPD command on the same line as the command that invokes the utility, for example:

>     $ PPPD CONNECT TTAO:

> To exit from the Point-to-Point Protocol utility, enter the EXIT command at the PPPD> prompt or press Ctrl/Z. Either method returns control to the DCL command level.

> For information about the PPPD utility, enter the HELP command at the PPPD> prompt.

## 16.3 PPPD Commands

This section describes and provides examples of the PPPD commands. If you need to customize your PPP settings, command qualifiers are provided. However, most users will be satisfied with the default settings. Table 16-1 summarizes the PPPD command functions.

Table 16-1 PPPD Command Summary
Command | Function
--- | ---
CONNECT | Establishes a network connection through the current physical port or a specified remote port.
DIAL_OUT | Allows direct access to a device to dial out over a modem or link to an external device.
DISCONNECT | Terminates the network connection and returns control to the terminal driver.
EXIT | Leaves the utility and returns you to the DCL command prompt ($).
HELP | Displays help text for PPPD commands.
SET | Determines the device and line characteristics for the specified terminal.
SHOW | Displays the device and line characteristics of the specified terminal.

## CONNECT

> Establishes a network connection to a device located on the current physical port or specified remote port.

### Format

> CONNECT device-name[:]

### Parameter

> #### device-name[:]

> Optional. Supplies the name of a device through which the network connection is made. The device name has the form ddcu where dd is the device code, c is the controller designation, and u is the unit number. LAN devices are specified as the name of the device that is unit 0. For example, the first terminal device on a LAN is specified as TTA0, the second as TTB0.

### Qualifiers

> None.

### Description

> The CONNECT command creates a link, or connection, to the device located on the current physical port or a specific remote port. When you enter this command, control passes to the PPP driver and an incoming transient network session is established. When the session is disconnected, the control of the host device returns to the terminal device driver.

### Example

    PPPD> CONNECT TTA1:
    %PPPD-I-CONNECTTERM, converting connection on device _TTA1: to a
    Point-to-Point connection

> The command in this example creates a temporary network connection to the serial port TTA1. The port is ready to receive the PPP setup negotiations initiated by the host at the other end of the serial connection.

## DIAL_OUT

> Provides access to a specific physical device to dial a modem or link to an external device.

### Format

> DIAL_OUT device-name[:]

### Parameter

> #### device-name[:]

> Supplies the name of a device over which the network connection is made. The device name has the form ddcu where dd is the device code, c is the controller designation, and u is the unit number. LAN devices are specified as the name of the device that is unit 0. For example, the first terminal device on a LAN is specified as TTA0, the second as TTB0.

### Qualifiers

> #### /BREAK=break-character

> Specifies a character sequence that you can use to interrupt the signal being currently transmitted. To interrupt the signal, type Ctrl/break-character. You can select any ASCII character from @ though Z, except C, M, Q, S, and Y. The default break character is ~.

> #### /DISCONNECT=disconnect-character

> Specifies a character sequence that you can use to terminate DIAL_OUT mode. To disconnect the call, type Ctrl/disconnect-character. You can select any ASCII character from @ though Z, except C, M, Q, S, and Y. The default disconnect character is \.

> #### /SWITCH=switch-character

> Specifies a character sequence that you can use to switch the line to PPP mode. To activate PPP mode, type Ctrl/switch-character. You can select any ASCII character from @ though Z, except C, M, Q, S, and Y. The default switch character is @.

> Similar to the CONNECT command, this qualifier switches a line into PPP mode. If the packet negotiations fail, PPPD exits and the line is left in terminal mode. If line is set to /MODEM and /NOHANGUP, this can result in extraneous data, the ASCII representation of Internet Protocol (IP) packets, being transmitted across the open line.

### Description

> The DIAL_OUT command directs access to a specific physical device to dial a modem or access an external device.

### Example

    PPPD> DIAL_OUT TTA0:
    Type control-~ to send a break,
         control-\ to disconnect,
     and control-@ to switch to a point-to-point connection.

    UNIVRS - Unauthorized access is prohibited
    Username:   SEBASTIAN
    Password:

       Welcome to OpenVMS (TM) Alpha Operating System, Version 7.3 on node UNIVRS
        Last interactive login on Tuesday, AUGUST 13, 2000 02:39 PM
        Last non-interactive login on Monday, AUGUST 12, 2000 02:16 PM

    $  PPPD CONNECT
    %PPPD-I-CONNECTTERM, converting connection on device _TTB0: to a
    Point-to-Point connection
    Ctrl-@
    %PPPD-I-CONNECTTERM, converting connection on device _TTA1: to a
    Point-to-Point connection

> This example illustrates using PPP with a direct serial link.

## DISCONNECT

> Terminates the current network connection.

### Format

> DISCONNECT device-name[:]

### Parameter

> #### device-name[:]

> Optional. Indicates the name of a device over which the network connection occurred. The device name has the form ddcu where dd is the device code, c is the controller designation, and u is the unit number. LAN devices are specified as the name of the device that is unit 0. For example, the first terminal device on a LAN is specified as TTA0, the second as TTB0.

### Qualifiers

> None.

### Description

> The DISCONNECT command terminates the physical link to a network, independent of the state of the upper-level protocols. The physical device reverts to the appropriate terminal driver and the upper-level protocols receive a hang-up event. This command is often used to clear and reset port communication settings in the case of a system pause.

    PPPD> DISCONNECT TTA1:

The command in this example terminates the current network connection established through the serial port TTA1.

Note A user must have the same UIC as the one on the ASNn: device for the connection, or have SYSPRV privilege to disconnect a serial port.

## EXIT

> Stops the execution of PPPD and returns control to the DCL command level. You can only enter Ctrl/Z if the line has not already been switched to PPP mode.

### Format

> EXIT

### Parameters

> None.

### Qualifiers

> None.

### Description

> Use the EXIT command to exit the utility.

    PPPD> EXIT

The command in this example leaves the PPPD utility and returns control to the DCL command level.

## HELP

> Provides online help information for using the PPPD commands.

### Format

> HELP [command-name...]

### Parameter

> #### command-name

> The name of a PPPD command or PPPD command and command keyword. If you enter the HELP command with a command name only, such as HELP SET, PPPD displays a list of all of the command keywords used with the SET command.

### Description

> The HELP command is an online reference for PPPD commands. After you view an initial help display, press Return. The help display stops and the PPPD prompt is displayed. If you do not specify a command name, the HELP command displays general information on the commands for which help is available. Supplying a command name obtains syntax information for that command.

    PPPD> HELP DISCONNECT

In this example, the HELP DISCONNECT command produces a description of the DISCONNECT command and shows the command format.

## SET

> Sets the communication line characteristics for a specific terminal device.

### Format

> SET device-name[:]

### Parameter

> #### device-name

> Indicates the name of the device whose characteristics are to be set. The device name has the form ddcu where dd is the device code, c is the controller designation, and u is the unit number. LAN devices are specified as the name of the device that is unit 0. For example, the first terminal device on a LAN is specified as TTA0, the second as TTB0.

### Qualifiers

> #### /ADDRESS_COMPRESSION (default)

> #### /NOADDRESS_COMPRESSION

> Indicates whether the address and control fields are compressed.

> #### /CLEAR_COUNTERS=(keyword,...)

> Determines which counters to clear when trying to resolve performance problems. The default is to clear all counters. With this qualifier, you can specify one or more of the following keywords:

> Keyword | Description
> --- | ---
> ALL | Resets all counters.
> BAD_FCS_PACKETS | Resets the count of packets with a bad frame check sequence (FCS).
> DATA_LOST | Resets the count of lost characters that were reported by hardware.
> DROPPED_CHARACTERS | Resets the count of all characters thrown away.
> FRAMING_ERRORS | Resets the count of characters with framing errors.
> LONG_PACKETS | Resets the count of packets longer than the current maximum receive unit (MRU) setting.
> RECEIVED_PACKETS | Resets the count of total packets received.
> RUNT_PACKETS | Resets the count of packets with too few characters.
> TOTAL_CHARACTERS | Resets the count of all characters received.
> TRANSMITTED_PACKETS | Resets the count of total packets transmitted.

> #### /CONNECT

> Sets the line parameters and binds the ASN device to the physical terminal.

> #### /ECHO=(FAILURE=value, INTERVAL=value)

> Specifies the number of Link Control Protocol (LCP) echo requests and the interval between requests that must be sent without response before the line is considered down. The default number of echo requests is 0.

> #### /FLOW_CONTROL=control-option

> Indicates the type of flow control used over the physical link. You can specify one of the following keywords with this qualifier:

> Keyword | Description
> --- | ---
> HARDWARE | Uses RTS/CTS flow control. If using this control, the transmit Asynch Control Character Map (ACCM) can be 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x60000000. Only valid for lines set to /MODEM or /COMMSYNCH.
> XON_XOFF (default) | Uses band flow control. If using this control, the optimal transmit ACCM is 0xA0000, 0x0, 0x0, 0x60000000. Only valid for asynchronous lines.

> #### /HANGUP

> #### /NOHANGUP

> Determines the action that occurs when a session is terminated. This qualifier notifies the ASN driver when a modem hangup is necessary due to an idle device. For example, when the last network connection is closed on a transient line that is set to /NOHANGUP, the line switches back to the terminal driver but the modem remains connected. This allows users to reaccess the line and log in without having to redial and reestablish the connection.

> To use this qualifier, you must have PHY_IO privilege, or the line must have TT2$M_MODHANGUP already set.

> #### /MAGIC_NUMBER_RETRIES=value

> Specifies the number of attempts made to negotiate a magic number. Magic numbers are used to detect looped back connections. If you specify 0, no negotiations are made. If you specify 255, negotiation continues until a number is found. The default number of attempts is 5.

> #### /MAXCONFIGURE=value

> Indicates the number of configure-request packets sent without receiving a valid configure-ack, configure-nak, or configure-reject before assuming the peer is unable to respond. Specify a value in the range of 0 to 255. The default number of packets sent is 10.

> #### /MAXFAILURE=value

> Indicates the number of configure-nak packets sent without receiving a valid configure-ack before assuming that the configuration is not converging. Specify a value in the range of 0 to 255. The default number of packets sent is 5.

> #### /MAXTERMINATE=value

> Indicates the number of terminate-request packets sent without receiving a terminate-ack before assuming that the peer is unable to respond. Specify a value in the range of 0 to 255. The default number of packets is 2.

> #### /MRU=size

> Specifies the largest packet that can be received over the line. This value is used as part of the line negotiation, and the actual MRU setting can vary. Specify a value in the range of 6 to 1500. The default packet size is 1500.

> #### /MTU=size

> Specifies the largest packet that can be transmitted over the line. This value is used as part of the line negotiation, and the actual maximum transfer unit (MTU) setting can vary. Specify a value in the range of 6 to 1500. The default packet size is 1500.

> #### /NETWORK_PROTOCOL=(protocol-name)

> Specifies the the protocol allowed over the link. The default network protocol is TCP/IP.

> #### /PASSIVE

> #### /NOPASSIVE (default)

> Notifies the PPP driver how to handle the PPP connection. It can either actively initiate the connection or wait for the remote host to start the connection.

> #### /PERMANENT

> #### /NOPERMANENT

> Determines how the link is handled when a connection is closed or lost. If you specify /PERMANENT, the link remains in place with the PPP driver in control. If you specify /NOPERMANENT, the link is treated as a transient connection, and the terminal reverts to the terminal driver.

> #### /PROTOCOL_COMPRESSION (default)

> #### /NOPROTOCOL_COMPRESSION

> Specifies whether the two octet protocol fields are compressed into a single octet.

> #### /RECEIVE_ACCM=mask-value

> Identifies the starting Asynch Control Character Map (ACCM). This mask is used by the PPP driver to negotiate the final ACCM for asynchronous ports. Specify a mask in the range of 0x0 to 0xFFFFFFFF. The default mask value is 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x60000000, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0. The masks are ordered from low-order longword to high-order longword. Specify the longword mask until the last mask bits are set. The remaining longwords are set to 0. With 8 longwords, there is 1 bit for every ASCII character position (from 0 to 255). The ASCII characters 0x20 through 0x3F and 0x5E cannot be quoted.

> #### /RESTART_TIMER=msecs

> Interval in milliseconds (msecs) used to time the transmission of configure-request and terminate-request packets. Expiration of the restart timer results in a timeout event and retransmission of the packet. Specify a value from 1 to 90. The default is 30 (3 seconds), which is intended for relatively slow speed links. For smaller, faster links, specify a smaller value.

> #### /SPEED=(input-rate,output-rate)

> Allows you to control the input and output speed of the line for asynchronous ports. To use this qualifier, you must have PHY_IO privilege, or the line must already have TT2$M_SETSPEED set.

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