## 9.2.1 Categories of Intrinsic Functions

Generic intrinsic functions can be divided into categories, as shown in Table 9-2.

Table 9-2 Categories of Intrinsic Functions

Category | Subcategory | Description
--- | --- | ---
Numeric | Computation | Elemental functions that perform type conversions or simple numeric operations: ABS, AIMAG, AINT, AMAX0, AMIN0, ANINT, CEILING, CMPLX, CONJG, DBLE, DCMPLX, DFLOAT, DIM, DPROD, DREAL, FLOAT, FLOOR, IFIX, IMAG, INT, MAX, MAX1, MIN, MIN1, MOD, MODULO, NINT, QCMPLX, QEXT, QFLOAT, QREAL, RAN, REAL, SIGN, SNGL, ZEXT
| Manipulation 1 | Elemental functions that return values related to the components of the model values associated with the actual value of the argument: EXPONENT, FRACTION, NEAREST, RRSPACING, SCALE, SET_EXPONENT, SPACING
| Inquiry 1 | Functions that return scalar values from the models associated with the type and kind parameters of their arguments 2: DIGITS, EPSILON, HUGE, ILEN, MAXEXPONENT, MINEXPONENT, PRECISION, RADIX, RANGE, SIZEOF, TINY
| Transformational | Functions that perform vector and matrix multiplication: DOT_PRODUCT, MATMUL
| System | Functions that return information about a process or processor: PROCESSORS_SHAPE, NWORKERS, MY_PROCESSOR, NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS, SECNDS
Kind type |  | Functions that return kind type parameters: KIND, SELECTED_INT_KIND, SELECTED_REAL_KIND
Mathematical |  | Functions that perform mathematical operations: ACOS, ACOSD, ASIN, ASIND, ATAN, ATAND, ATAN2, ATAN2D, COS, COSD, COSH, COTAN, COTAND, EXP, LOG, LOG10, SIN, SIND, SINH, SQRT, TAN, TAND, TANH
Bit | Manipulation | Elemental functions that perform single-bit processing, and logical and shift operations; and allow bit subfields to be referenced: AND, BTEST, IAND, IBCHNG, IBCLR, IBITS, IBSET, IEOR, IOR, ISHA, ISHC, ISHFT, ISHFTC, ISHL, LSHIFT, NOT, OR, RSHIFT, XOR
| Inquiry | Function that lets you determine parameter s (the bit size) in the bit model 3: BIT_SIZE
| Representation | Functions that return information on bit representation of integers: LEADZ, POPCNT, POPPAR, TRAILZ
Character | Comparison | Elemental functions that make a lexical comparison of the character-string arguments and return a default logical result: LGE, LGT, LLE, LLT
| Conversion | Elemental functions that take character arguments and return integer, ASCII, or character values 4: ACHAR, CHAR, IACHAR, ICHAR
| String handling | Functions that perform operations on character strings, return lengths of arguments, and search for certain arguments: ADJUSTL, ADJUSTR, INDEX, LEN_TRIM, REPEAT, SCAN, TRIM, VERIFY
| Inquiry | Function that returns length of argument: LEN
Array | Construction | Functions that construct new arrays from the elements of existing array: MERGE, PACK, SPREAD, UNPACK
| Inquiry | Functions that let you determine if an array argument is allocated, and return the size or shape of an array, and the lower and upper bounds of subscripts along each dimension: ALLOCATED, LBOUND, SHAPE, SIZE, UBOUND
| Location | Transformational functions that find the geometric locations of the maximum and minimum values of an array: MAXLOC, MINLOC
| Manipulation | Transformational functions that shift an array, transpose an array, or change the shape of an array: CSHIFT, EOSHIFT, RESHAPE, TRANSPOSE
| Reduction | Transformational functions that perform operations on arrays. The functions "reduce" elements of a whole array to produce a scalar result, or they can be applied to a specific dimension of an array to produce a result array with a rank reduced by one: ALL, ANY, COUNT, MAXVAL, MINVAL, PRODUCT
Miscellaneous |  | Functions that do the following: Let you use assembler instructions in an executable program (ASM) Check for pointer association (ASSOCIATED) Check for end-of-file (EOF) Return the class of a floating-point argument (FP_CLASS) Test for Not-a-Number values (ISNAN) Count actual arguments passed to a routine (IARGCOUNT) Return a pointer to an actual argument list for a routine (IARGPTR) Return the INTEGER KIND that will hold an address (INT_PTR_KIND) Return the internal address of a storage item (LOC) Return a logical value of an argument (LOGICAL) Allocate memory (MALLOC) Return the upper 64 bits of a 128-bit unsigned result (MULT_HIGH) Return a disassociated pointer (NULL) Check for argument presence (PRESENT) Convert a bit pattern (TRANSFER)
1 All of the numeric manipulation, and many of the numeric inquiry functions are defined by the model sets for integers (Section D.1) and reals (Section D.2). 2 The value of the argument does not have to be defined. 3 For more information on bit functions, see Section 9.2.3. 4 The Compaq Fortran processor character set is ASCII, so ACHAR = CHAR and IACHAR = ICHAR.

Table 9-3 summarizes the generic intrinsic functions and indicates whether they are elemental, inquiry, or transformational functions, if applicable. Optional arguments are shown within square brackets.

Table 9-3 Summary of Generic Intrinsic Functions

Generic Function | Class [Key] | Value Returned
--- | --- | ---
ABS (A) | E | The absolute value of an argument
ACHAR (I) | E | The character in the specified position of the ASCII character set
ACOS (X) | E | The arc cosine (in radians) of the argument
ACOSD (X) | E | The arc cosine (in degrees) of the argument
ADJUSTL (STRING) | E | The specified string with leading blanks removed and placed at the end of the string
ADJUSTR (STRING) | E | The specified string with trailing blanks removed and placed at the beginning of the string
AIMAG (Z) | E | The imaginary part of a complex argument
AINT (A [, KIND]) | E | A real value truncated to a whole number
ALL (MASK [, DIM]) | T | .TRUE. if all elements of the masked array are true
ALLOCATED (ARRAY) | I | The allocation status of the argument array
AMAX0 (A1, A2 [, A3,...]) | E | The maximum value in a list of integers (returned as a real value)
AMIN0 (A1, A2 [, A3,...]) | E | The minimum value in a list of integers (returned as a real value)
AND (I, J) | E | See IAND
ANINT (A [, KIND]) | E | A real value rounded to a whole number
ANY (MASK [, DIM]) | T | .TRUE. if any elements of the masked array are true
ASIN (X) | E | The arc sine (in radians) of the argument
ASIND (X) | E | The arc sine (in degrees) of the argument
ASM (STRING [, A,...) 1 | N | A value stored in the appropriate register by the user
ASSOCIATED (POINTER [, TARGET]) | I | .TRUE. if the pointer argument is associated or the pointer is associated with the specified target
ATAN (X) | E | The arc tangent (in radians) of the argument
ATAND (X) | E | The arc tangent (in degrees) of the argument
ATAN2 (Y, X) | E | The inverse arc tangent (in radians) of the arguments
ATAN2D (Y, X) | E | The inverse arc tangent (in degrees) of the arguments
BIT_SIZE (I) | I | Returns the number of bits (s) in the bit model
BTEST (I, POS) | E | .TRUE. if the specified position of argument I is one
CEILING (A [, KIND]) | E | The smallest integer greater than or equal to the argument value
CHAR (I [, KIND]) | E | The character in the specified position of the processor character set
CMPLX (X [,Y] [,KIND]) | E | The corresponding complex value of the argument
CONJG (Z) | E | The conjugate of a complex number
COS (X) | E | The cosine of the argument, which is in radians
COSD (X) | E | The cosine of the argument, which is in degrees
COSH (X) | E | The hyperbolic cosine of the argument
COTAN (X) | E | The cotangent of the argument, which is in radians
COTAND (X) | E | The cotangent of the argument, which is in degrees
COUNT (MASK [, DIM] [, KIND]) | T | The number of .TRUE. elements in the argument array
CSHIFT (ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM]) | T | An array that has the elements of the argument array circularly shifted
DBLE (A) | E | The corresponding double precision value of the argument
DCMPLX (X, Y) | E | The corresponding double complex value of the argument
DFLOAT (A) | E | The corresponding double precision value of the integer argument
DIGITS (X) | I | The number of significant digits in the model for the argument
DIM (X, Y) | E | The positive difference between the two arguments
DOT_PRODUCT (VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B) | T | The dot product of two rank-one arrays (also called a vector multiply function)
EOF (A) | I | .TRUE. or .FALSE. depending on whether a file is beyond the end-of-file record
EOSHIFT (ARRAY, SHIFT [,BOUNDARY] [,DIM]) | T | An array that has the elements of the argument array end-off shifted
EPSILON (X) | I | The number that is almost negligible when compared to one
EXP (X) | E | The exponential value for the argument
EXPONENT (X) | E | The value of the exponent part of a real argument
FLOAT (X) | E | The corresponding real value of the integer argument
FLOOR (A [, KIND]) | E | The largest integer less than or equal to the argument value
FP_CLASS (X) | E | The class of the IEEE floating-point argument
FRACTION (X) | E | The fractional part of a real argument
HUGE (X) | I | The largest number in the model for the argument
IACHAR (C) | E | The position of the specified character in the ASCII character set
IAND (I, J) | E | The logical AND of the two arguments
IBCLR (I, POS) | E | The specified position of argument I cleared (set to zero)
IBCHNG (I, POS) | E | The reversed value of a specified bit
IBITS (I, POS, LEN) | E | The specified substring of bits of argument I
IBSET (I, POS) | E | The specified bit in argument I set to one
ICHAR (C) | E | The position of the specified character in the processor character set
IEOR (I, J) | E | The logical exclusive OR of the corresponding bit arguments
IFIX (X) | E | The corresponding integer value of the real argument rounded as if it were an implied conversion in an assignment
ILEN (I) | I | The length (in bits) in the two's complement representation of an integer
IMAG (Z) | E | See AIMAG
INDEX (STRING, SUBSTRING [, BACK] [, KIND]) | E | The position of the specified substring in a character expression
INT (A [, KIND]) | E | The corresponding integer value (truncated) of the argument
IOR (I, J) | E | The logical inclusive OR of the corresponding bit arguments
ISHA (I, SHIFT) | E | Argument I shifted left or right by a specified number of bits
ISHC (I, SHIFT) | E | Argument I rotated left or right by a specified number of bits
ISHFT (I, SHIFT) | E | The logical end-off shift of the bits in argument I
ISHFTC (I, SHIFT [,SIZE]) | E | The logical circular shift of the bits in argument I
ISHL (I, SHIFT) | E | Argument I logically shifted left or right by a specified number of bits
ISNAN (X) | E | Tests for Not-a-Number (NaN) values
KIND (X) | I | The kind type parameter of the argument
LBOUND (ARRAY [, DIM] [, KIND]) | I | The lower bounds of an array (or one of its dimensions)
LEADZ (I) | E | The number of leading zero bits in an integer
LEN (STRING [, KIND]) | I | The length (number of characters) of the argument character string
LEN_TRIM (STRING [, KIND]) | E | The length of the specified string without trailing blanks
LGE (STRING_A, STRING_B) | E | A logical value determined by a > or = comparison of the arguments
LGT (STRING_A, STRING_B) | E | A logical value determined by a > comparison of the arguments
LLE (STRING_A, STRING_B) | E | A logical value determined by a < or = comparison of the arguments
LLT (STRING_A, STRING_B) | E | A logical value determined by a < comparison of the arguments
LOC (A) | I | The internal address of the argument.
LOG (X) | E | The natural logarithm of the argument
LOG10 (X) | E | The common logarithm (base 10) of the argument
LOGICAL (L [, KIND]) | E | The logical value of the argument converted to a logical of type KIND
LSHIFT (I, POSITIVE_SHIFT) | E | See ISHFT
MATMUL (MATRIX_A, MATRIX_B) | T | The result of matrix multiplication (also called a matrix multiply function)
MAX (A1, A2 [, A3,...]) | E | The maximum value in the set of arguments
MAX1 (A1, A2 [, A3,...]) | E | The maximum value in the set of real arguments (returned as an integer)
MAXEXPONENT (X) | I | The maximum exponent in the model for the argument
MAXLOC (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK] [, KIND]) | T | The rank-one array that has the location of the maximum element in the argument array
MAXVAL (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK]) | T | The maximum value of the elements in the argument array
MERGE (TSOURCE, FSOURCE, MASK) | E | An array that is the combination of two conformable arrays (under a mask)
MIN (A1, A2 [, A3,...]) | E | The minimum value in the set of arguments
MIN1 (A1, A2 [, A3,...]) | E | The minimum value in the set of real arguments (returned as an integer)
MINEXPONENT (X) | I | The minimum exponent in the model for the argument
MINLOC (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK] [, KIND]) | T | The rank-one array that has the location of the minimum element in the argument array
MINVAL (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK]) | T | The minimum value of the elements in the argument array
MOD (A, P) | E | The remainder of the arguments (has the sign of the first argument)
MODULO (A, P) | E | The modulo of the arguments (has the sign of the second argument)
NEAREST (X, S) | E | The nearest different machine-representable number in a given direction
NINT (A [, KIND]) | E | A real value rounded to the nearest integer
NOT (I) | E | The logical complement of the argument
NULL ([MOLD]) | T | A disassociated pointer
OR (I, J) | E | See IOR
PACK (ARRAY, MASK [, VECTOR]) | T | A packed array of rank one (under a mask)
POPCNT (I) | E | The number of 1 bits in an integer
POPPAR (I) | E | The parity of an integer
PRECISION (X) | I | The decimal precision (real or complex) of the argument
PRESENT (A) | I | .TRUE. if an actual argument has been provided for an optional dummy argument
PRODUCT (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK]) | T | The product of the elements of the argument array
QCMPLX (X, Y) 2 | E | The corresponding COMPLEX(16) value of the argument
QEXT (A) 2 | E | The corresponding REAL(16) precision value of the argument
QFLOAT (A) 2 | E | The corresponding REAL(16) precision value of the integer argument.
QREAL (A) 2 | E | The corresponding REAL(16) value of the real part of a COMPLEX(16) argument
RADIX (X) | I | The base of the model for the argument
RANGE (X) | I | The decimal exponent range of the model for the argument
REAL (A [, KIND]) | E | The corresponding real value of the argument
REPEAT (STRING, NCOPIES) | T | The concatenation of zero or more copies of the specified string
RESHAPE (SOURCE, SHAPE [, PAD] [, ORDER]) | T | An array that has a different shape than the argument array, but the same elements
RRSPACING (X) | E | The reciprocal of the relative spacing near the argument
RSHIFT (I, NEGATIVE_SHIFT) | E | See ISHFT
SCALE (X, I) | E | The value of the exponent part (of the model for the argument) changed by a specified value
SCAN (STRING, SET [, BACK] [, KIND]) | E | The position of the specified character (or set of characters) within a string
SELECTED_INT_KIND (R) | T | The integer kind parameter of the argument
SELECTED_REAL_KIND ([P] [, R]) | T | The real kind parameter of the argument; one of the optional arguments must be specified
SET_EXPONENT (X, I) | E | The value of the exponent part (of the model for the argument) set to a specified value
SHAPE (SOURCE [,KIND]) | I | The shape (rank and extents) of an array or scalar
SIGN (A, B) | E | A value with the sign transferred from its second argument
SIN (X) | E | The sine of the argument, which is in radians
SIND (X) | E | The sine of the argument, which is in degrees
SINH (X) | E | The hyperbolic sine of the argument
SIZE (ARRAY [, DIM] [, KIND]) | I | The size (total number of elements) of the argument array (or one of its dimensions)
SNGL (X) | E | The corresponding real value of the argument
SPACING (X) | E | The value of the absolute spacing of model numbers near the argument
SPREAD (SOURCE, DIM, NCOPIES) | T | A replicated array that has an added dimension
SQRT (X) | E | The square root of the argument
SUM (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK]) | T | The sum of the elements of the argument array
TAN (X) | E | The tangent of the argument, which is in radians
TAND (X) | E | The tangent of the argument, which is in degrees
TANH (X) | E | The hyperbolic tangent of the argument
TINY (X) | I | The smallest positive number in the model for the argument
TRAILZ (I) | E | The number of trailing zero bits in an integer
TRANSFER (SOURCE, MOLD [, SIZE]) | T | The bit pattern of SOURCE converted to the type and kind parameters of MOLD
TRANSPOSE (MATRIX) | T | The matrix transpose for the rank-two argument array
TRIM (STRING) | T | The argument with trailing blanks removed
UBOUND (ARRAY [, DIM] [, KIND]) | I | The upper bounds of an array (or one of its dimensions)
UNPACK (VECTOR, MASK, FIELD) | T | An array (under a mask) unpacked from a rank-one array
VERIFY (STRING, SET [, BACK] [, KIND]) | E | The position of the first character in a string that does not appear in the given set of characters
XOR (I, J) | E | See IEOR
ZEXT (X [, KIND]) | E | A zero-extended value of the argument
1 Alpha only 2 VMS, U*X
Key to Classes E-Elemental I-Inquiry T-Transformational N-Nonelemental

Table 9-4 lists specific functions that have no generic function associated with them.

Table 9-4 Specific Functions with No Generic Association

Generic Function | Class | Value Returned
--- | --- | ---
DPROD (X, Y) | E | The double-precision product of two real arguments
DREAL (A) | E | The corresponding double-precision value of the double-complex argument
MALLOC (I) | E | The starting address for the block of memory allocated
MULT_HIGH (I, J) 1 | E | The upper (leftmost) 64 bits of the 128-bit unsigned result
MY_PROCESSOR ( ) | I | The identifying number of the calling process
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS ( ) | I | The total number of processors (peers) available to the program
NWORKERS ( ) 2 | I | The number of executing processes
PROCESSORS_SHAPE ( ) | I | The shape of an implementation-dependent hardware processor array
RAN (I) | N | The next number from a sequence of pseudorandom numbers (uniformly distributed in the range 0 to 1)
SECNDS (X) | E | The system time of day (or elapsed time) as a floating-point value in seconds
SIZEOF (X) | I | The bytes of storage used by the argument
1 Alpha only 2 Included for compatibility with older versions of Compaq Fortran 77.
Key to Classes E-Elemental I-Inquiry N-Nonelemental

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