HP OpenVMS Systems

DEC Ada
Technical Overview and Comparison on DIGITAL Platforms

Contents

Index

E.14 Important Tools and Utilities

Tools and utilities of particular importance are as follows:

Editor
Debugger
File system and file management tools
Run-time library
Command language

The compiler generates a debugger symbol table as part of the object module for use with the host system debugger for full symbolic debugging. Optionally, it also generates a data analysis file for use with the source code analyzer or cross-reference tool and a diagnostic file for use with the language-sensitive editor (LSE).

Table E-7 lists some of the development tools and utilities on the DEC Ada and GNAT.

**Table E-7 Development Tools and Utilities**
Tool or Utility Type	Product Name on DEC Ada for OpenVMS	Product Name on GNAT for OpenVMS Alpha
Code management system	DIGITAL CMS ³	DIGITAL CMS ¹
Editor	DIGITAL LSE ³	`emacs` or DIGITAL LSE ²
Debugger	OpenVMS Debugger	`gdb`
Source code analyzer/cross referencer	DIGITAL SCA ³	GNAT XREF
Test manager	DIGITAL Test Manager ³	DIGITAL Test Manager
Performance analyzer	DIGITAL PCA ³	DIGITAL PCA
Module management	DIGITAL MMS ³	Not applicable for GNAT

¹Can be used but GNAT does not offer any internal support or automation of features.
²GNAT offers limited support.
³Components of the DECset package.

Appendix F
Sample Listings

Example F-1 is a listing from the compilation of a function that computes factorials and shows the format used for generated code.

Example F-2 is a listing from the compilation of a procedure containing a variety of errors and shows the kinds of error reporting provided.

Examples F-1 and F-2 show aspects of the listings available from the DEC Ada compiler. These listings were created on an OpenVMS VAX system.

Example F-1 Generated Code for Factorial Program

FACTORIAL     16-Sep-1998 14:04:50    DEC Ada V3.5-1         Page   1
01            11-Sep-1998 09:55:30    FACTORIAL.ADA;2               (1)

    1  function FACTORIAL (VAL : LONG_INTEGER) return LONG_INTEGER is
    2  begin
    3
    4     if VAL = 0 then
    5        return 1;
    6
    7     elsif VAL < 0 then
    8        raise CONSTRAINT_ERROR;
    9
   10     end if;
   11
   12     return VAL * FACTORIAL (VAL - 1);
   13
   14  end;

%ADAC-I, Function body FACTORIAL added to library
LIB50$:[CMC.ADA.ADALIB.VAXADA_V35_LIB]


PORTABILITY SUMMARY
----------- -------

Source program elements which may effect porting this program to other
targets and the source line numbers where these elements were detected.
Please refer to the manual in ADA$EXAMPLES:DEC_ADA_OVERVIEW_AND_COMPARISON.*.


Type STANDARD.LONG_INTEGER is 32 bits on VAX and 64 bits long on Alpha targets
                 1     4     7    12

FACTORIAL    16-Sep-1998 14:04:50    DEC Ada V3.5-1              Page   2
01      Ada Compilation Statistics  11-Sep-1998 09:55:30  FACTORIAL.ADA;2  (1)

VERSION

  DEC Ada V3.5-1 with the Professional Development Option


COMMAND QUALIFIERS

  ADA/LIST FACTORIAL


QUALIFIERS USED
        /NOANALYSIS_DATA/CHECK/COPY_SOURCE/DEBUG=ALL/ERROR_LIMIT=30/LIST
          /NOMACHINE_CODE
        /NODESIGN
        /NODIAGNOSTICS/LIBRARY=ADA$LIB
        /LOAD=REPLACE/SMART_RECOMPILATION/NOTE_SOURCE
          /OPTIMIZE=(TIME,INLINE=NORMAL,SHARE=NORMAL)/SHOW=PORTABILITY
          /NOSYNTAX_ONLY
        /WARNINGS=(NOCOMPILATION_NOTES,STATUS=LIST,SUPPLEMENTAL=ALL,
          WARNINGS=ALL,WEAK_WARNINGS=ALL)


INTERNAL TIMING
 Phase                         CPU     Elapsed    Page     I/O
                             seconds   seconds   faults   count
  Initialization                      0.33      4.31     1291      12
      Accessing Adalib                0.05      0.72      129       6
  Parser                              0.06      0.81      396       3
  Static semantics                    0.07      2.28      210       0
  IL generation                       0.09      2.23      432       4
  Code generation                     0.02      1.74      220       0
  Smart Recompilation                 0.04      0.18       74       0
  Listing generation                  0.01      0.06       28       2
  Program library                     0.06      0.46       99      10
  Analysis data collection            0.00      0.03        7       0
  Totals                              0.77     13.13     2915      54


COMPILATION STATISTICS

  Weak warnings:      0
  Warnings:       0
  Errors:       0
  NYIs:        0

  Peak working set:   4188
  Virtual pages used:  16962
  Virtual pages free: 283038
  CPU time:   00:00:00.77 (1090 Lines/Minute)
  Elapsed time:   00:00:13.13
  Compilation complete

Example F-2 Sample Errors

SAMPLE_ERRORS   Project ADADEMO   16-Sep-1998 14:09:19  DEC Ada V3.5-1 Page   1
01              Sample 2   11-Sep-1998 09:57:15  SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA;2       (1)

    1  pragma TITLE("Project ADADEMO", "Sample 2");
    2
    3  -- SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA
    4  --
    5  -- A simple program containing a sampling of errors to show the error
    6  -- reporting facilities of the DEC Ada compiler
    7  --
    8  with SYSTEM;
    9  with TEXT_IO;   use TEXT_IO;
   10  procedure SAMPLE_ERRORS is
   11
   12     OBJ1 : NO_SUCH_TYPE := 1;
..................1...............2
%ADAC-E, (1) NO_SUCH_TYPE is not declared [LRM 8.3]
%ADAC-I, (2) Type checking is not complete; the type required from
  context is unknown due to a prior error

   13     OBJ2 : STRING(1..4) := "a";
   14     OBJ3 : STRING := "abcd";
..................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Array type STRING in predefined STANDARD is not constrained
  [LRM 3.2.1(1), 4.8(4)]

   15
   16     type E is (E1, E2, E3);
   17     OBJE : E;
...........1
%ADAC-I, (1) The representation of type E at line 16 is forced here

   18     for E use (-1, 5, 18);
...............1
%ADAC-E, (1) The representation of type E at line 16 has already
  been forced at line 17 [LRM 13.1(6)]

   19
   20     type     T is range 0..255;
   21     subtype ST is T range 0.0 .. 10.;
.................................1......2..3
%ADAC-E, (3) Missing digit; inserted "0" after "." [LRM 2.4.1(2), 2.4.2(2)]
%ADAC-E, (1) Result type of expression is inconsistent with its
  context, which requires integer type T at line 20 [LRM  8.7]
%ADAC-I, (1) For literal 0.0 the result type is any real type (discarded)
%ADAC-E, (2) Result type of expression is inconsistent with its context,
  which requires integer type T at line 20 [LRM  8.7]
%ADAC-I, (2) For literal 10.0 the result type is any real type (discarded)

   22
   23     OBJ4, OBJ5 : array(1..2) := (others => '*');
....................................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Found ":=" when expecting "of"
%ADAC-I, (1) Declaration ignored due to syntactic errors

   24     OBJ6 : ADDRESS;
..................1
%ADAC-E, (1) ADDRESS is not declared [LRM 8.3]
%ADAC-I, (1) Possibly a selected component of (or use clause for)
  package SYSTEM in predefined SYSTEM is intended; this
  would make type ADDRESS in predefined SYSTEM visible

   25
   26     FILE : FILE_TYPE;

SAMPLE_ERRORS   Project ADADEMO  16-Sep-1998 14:09:19  DEC Ada V3.5-1  Page   2
01              Sample 2  11-Sep-1998 09:57:15  SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA;2

   27
   28     function F (X : E := E'FIRST) return E;
...........1
%ADAC-E, (1) Function specification F has neither a corresponding body
  nor an INTERFACE pragma [LRM 6.3(3), 13.9(3)]

   29     function F (Y : INTEGER := 0) return E is
...........1
%ADAC-E, (1) Function body F does not include any return statements
  [LRM 6.5(1)]

   30     begin
   31        OBJE := E'VAL(Y);
   32     end;
   33
   34     pragma PACK(T);
.......................1
%ADAC-W, (1) Subtype T at line 20 is not an array or record type;
  pragma PACK ignored [LRM 13.1(11,12)]

   35     pragma UNKNOWN_PRAGMA(T, T+1, OPTION => MAGIC_NUMBER-2);
..................1
%ADAC-W, (1) Pragma UNKNOWN_PRAGMA is not known to DEC Ada;
  pragma ignored [LRM B]

   36
   37  begin
........1
%ADAC-I, (1) Function specification F at line 28 has no corresponding
  body [LRM 6.3(3), 7.1(4), 9.1(1), 12.2(2)]

   38
   39     OBJ1 := -1
.....................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Inserted ";" at end of line

   40     OBJ2 := 'a';
................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Result type STRING in predefined STANDARD of variable OBJ2
        at line 13 is not the same as type CHARACTER in
        predefined STANDARD of enumeral 'a' in predefined STANDARD [LRM 5.2(1)]

   41
   42     case OBJE is
...........1
%ADAC-E, (1) Missing values in the range of enumeration type E at
  line 16 [LRM 3.7.3(3), 4.3(5), 5.4(4)]
            E3

   43        when E1     => null;
..............1
%ADAC-I, (1) Choice E1 overlaps choice E1 .. E2 at line 45
  [LRM 3.7.3(3), 4.3(5), 5.4(4)]

   44        when E2     => E = 1;
..............1..............2.3
%ADAC-E, (3) Replaced "=" with ":="
%ADAC-E, (2) Type E at line 16 is not a variable [LRM 5.2(1)]
%ADAC-I, (1) Choice E2 overlaps choice E1 .. E2 at line 45
  [LRM 3.7.3(3), 4.3(5), 5.4(4)]

   45        when E1..E2 => null;
..............1
%ADAC-E, (1) E1 from choice E1 .. E2 overlaps another choice
  for E1 at line 43 [LRM 3.7.3(3), 4.3(5), 5.4(4)]
%ADAC-E, (1) E2 from choice E1 .. E2 overlaps another choice
  for E2 at line 44 [LRM 3.7.3(3), 4.3(5), 5.4(4)]


SAMPLE_ERRORS   Project ADADEMO  16-Sep-1998 14:09:19  DEC Ada V3.5-1  Page   3
01    Sample 2  11-Sep-1998 09:57:15    SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA;2             (1)

   46     end case;
   47
   48     OBJE := E'SUCC(F);
..........................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Ambiguous expression; the required type is enumeration
type E at line 16, but more than one possible meaning has this type [LRM 8.7]
%ADAC-I, (1) For F the meanings considered are
            call of function specification F (E) with all default
              parameters returning E declared at line 28
            call of function body F (INTEGER) with all default
              parameters returning E declared at line 29
            function specification F (E) returning E declared at
              line 28 (discarded)
            function body F (INTEGER) returning E declared at
              line 29 (discarded)

   49
   50     LOOPNAME1:
   51        loop
   52           goto LOOPNAME2;
......................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Block or loop identifier LOOPNAME2 at line 55 is not a label

   53        end loop;
......................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Name LOOPNAME1 not specified at end of loop starting
  at line 50 [LRM 5.5(3), 5.6(3)]

   54
   55     LOOPNAME2:
   56        for I in -1 .. 10 loop
..........................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Type {universal_integer} is not allowed for the
        discrete range of a constrained array definition, an
        iteration rule, or an index of an entry family [LRM 3.6.1(2)]
%ADAC-I, (1) Default resolution to the type INTEGER does not apply
        because one or both expressions is not a literal,
        named number, or attribute; however, the type INTEGER
        is assumed [LRM 3.6.1(2)]

   57           exit LOOPNAME1;
......................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Block or loop identifier LOOPNAME1 at line 50 is
  not for a loop that encloses this exit statement [LRM 5.7(3)]

   58        end loop LOOP2;
.......................1
%ADAC-E, (1) Name LOOP2 does not match LOOPNAME2 at line 55
  [LRM 5.5(3), 5.6(3), 6.3(4), 7.1(3), 9.5(7)]

   59
   60     OPEN(FILE, IN_FILE, NAM => "SOME_FILE");
...............1
%ADAC-E, (1) Inconsistency detected during overload resolution [LRM 8.7]
%ADAC-I, (1) For procedure call OPEN the meaning is a call of procedure
            specification OPEN (FILE : FILE_TYPE; MODE :
            FILE_MODE; NAME : STRING; FORM : STRING) declared
            in TEXT_IO at line 32 (discarded because NAM is not the
            name of any formal parameter)
        For FILE the meaning is variable FILE at line 26 of
            limited private type FILE_TYPE in TEXT_IO at line 8
        For IN_FILE the meaning is enumeral IN_FILE in TEXT_IO
            at line 10 of enumeration type FILE_MODE in TEXT_IO at
            line 10
        For literal "SOME_FILE" the result type is any one-dimensional
            character array type


SAMPLE_ERRORS   Project ADADEMO  16-Sep-1998 14:09:19  DEC Ada V3.5-1 Page   4
01              Sample 2  11-Sep-1998 09:57:15 SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA;2         (1)

   61     PUT(1);
..............1
%ADAC-E, (1) Inconsistency detected during overload resolution [LRM 8.7]
%ADAC-I, (1) For procedure call PUT the meanings considered are
            call of procedure specification PUT (ITEM : STRING) declared
                in TEXT_IO at line 123 (discarded because type
                STRING of formal ITEM is not a possible type of
                the corresponding actual) call of procedure
                specification PUT (ITEM : CHARACTER) declared in
                TEXT_IO at line 116 (discarded because type CHARACTER
                of formal ITEM is not a possible type of the
                corresponding actual) call of procedure specification
                PUT (FILE_TYPE; STRING) declared in TEXT_IO at line 122
                (discarded because of too few actual parameters: number
                of actuals is 1, number of formals is 2)
            call of procedure specification PUT (FILE_TYPE; CHARACTER)
                declared in TEXT_IO at line 115 (discarded
                because of too few actual parameters: number
                of actuals is 1, number of formals is 2)
        For literal 1 the result type is any integer type

   62     CLOSE();
...........1....2
%ADAC-E, (2) Empty parentheses ignored
%ADAC-E, (1) Inconsistency detected during overload resolution [LRM 8.7]
%ADAC-I, (1) For procedure call CLOSE the meaning is a call of procedure
            specification CLOSE (FILE_TYPE) declared in
            TEXT_IO at line 37 (discarded because of too few
            actual parameters: number of actuals is 0, number of
            formals is 1)

   63
   64  end;


PORTABILITY SUMMARY
----------- -------

Source program elements which may effect porting this program to other
targets and the source line numbers where these elements were detected.
Please refer to the manual in ADA$EXAMPLES:DEC_ADA_OVERVIEW_AND_COMPARISON.*.


Predefined package SYSTEM contains entities which may not be implemented
  on other targets
                 8

Enumeration representation clause
                18

Unknown pragma(s)
                35

Pragma PACK     34

SAMPLE_ERRORS   Project ADADEMO  16-Sep-1998 14:09:19  DEC Ada V3.5-1  Page   5
01  Ada Compilation Statistics  11-Sep-1998 09:57:15 SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA;2    (1)

VERSION

  DEC Ada V3.5-1 with the Professional Development Option


COMMAND QUALIFIERS

  ADA/LIST SAMPLE_ERRORS.ADA


QUALIFIERS USED
        /NOANALYSIS_DATA/CHECK/COPY_SOURCE/DEBUG=ALL/ERROR_LIMIT=30/LIST
         /NOMACHINE_CODE
        /NODESIGN
        /NODIAGNOSTICS/LIBRARY=ADA$LIB
        /LOAD=REPLACE/SMART_RECOMPILATION/NOTE_SOURCE/OPTIMIZE=(TIME,
          INLINE=NORMAL,SHARE=NORMAL)/SHOW=PORTABILITY/NOSYNTAX_ONLY
        /WARNINGS=(NOCOMPILATION_NOTES,STATUS=LIST,SUPPLEMENTAL=ALL,
          WARNINGS=ALL,WEAK_WARNINGS=ALL)


INTERNAL TIMING
 Phase                         CPU     Elapsed    Page     I/O
                             seconds   seconds   faults   count
  Initialization                      0.37      2.90     1293      13
      Accessing Adalib                0.03      0.49      134       4
  Parser                              0.22      2.61      558      39
  Static semantics                    0.61      8.91      327     152
  Listing generation                  0.04      0.12       29       3
  Program library                     0.07      0.58      117      18
  Analysis data collection            0.00      0.02        6       0
  Totals                              1.40     15.92     2410     227


COMPILATION STATISTICS

  Weak warnings:      0
  Warnings:       2
  Errors:      27
  NYIs:        0

  Peak working set:   5238
  Virtual pages used:  17001
  Virtual pages free: 282999
  CPU time:   00:00:01.40 (2742 Lines/Minute)
  Elapsed time:   00:00:15.92
  Compilation complete